Role: You are an electrical engineer designing PCBs for power electronics.
Task: Calculate the minimum required PCB trace width for carrying 12A current on a 1 oz copper layer, over a length of 10 cm, without exceeding a temperature rise of 10°C.

Constraints:

• Use IPC-2221 or IPC-2152 guidelines
• Ambient temperature: 25°C
• Single-sided PCB

Output:

• Final trace width in mm
• Brief explanation of calculations or reference to standard chart
• Recommended spacing from other traces for safety